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Review Articles

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Head- Neck Cancer Burden in Bangladesh

Introduction: Cancer is a deadly name for resource constrain developing country like Bangladesh. It is not just a killer; it tells a lot of human stories- which comprises with fear, cry, depression, financial crisis, love, care, deep sorrow and happy moments of cure. Cancer is the first or second leading cause of premature death (i.e. at ages 30-69 years) in 134 of 183 countries, and it ranks third or fourth in an additional 45 countries. Globally in 2020, every 6 deaths include 1 cancer patient and number of deaths by cancer was 10 millions. It may be increased to 15 millions by the next decade. Death of two-third cancer patients in the developing countries. In Bangladesh 114 persons per lac is suffering from various cancer. In an unpublished data from Bangladesh, about 55 persons per lac affected by HeadNeck Cancer. Approximately 20 lacs cancer patient in Bangladesh. Newly affected are 53 person per lac. 2 lacs affected in every year and about 1 lac died of cancer in every year. In this country 12% death due to cancer. Daily death about 273 in Bangladesh. According to study, there is a definite risk of it to be doubled by upcoming three decades.

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Cell Biology of Aging - A Review

<p>Introduction:</p> <p><br />Human aging has been a mystery from the dawn of civilization because of its biological<br />complexity -genetic composition, inheritance, epigenetics&mdash;along with a constantly changing<br />living environment. Age is different from aging. Age can be identified as a unit of time, such<br />as years (e.g., chronological age). Aging is multifaceted. For example, lifespan/lifecycle is<br />viewed as the duration between the biological conception (gestation) of an individual to the<br />termination of life or death. However, individual genetic inheritance, generational changes,<br />and living environment in different age cohorts (and their bio-psycho-social characteristics)<br />complicate the understanding of aging. Nevertheless, the aging process demonstrates a constant<br />change in molecular composition in human cells with or without external environmental<br />stimuli.</p> <p><br />There is a significant amount of research identifying several hallmarks of the aging process.<br />There are&nbsp;twelve hallmarks identified in relation to aging. All of them are specific changes at<br />the molecular level.&nbsp;Genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of<br />proteostasis, disabled macro autophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial<br />dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication,<br />chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis are the twelve hallmarks of aging1,2<br />&nbsp;</p>