<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Refractive error in children aged 5–15 years is an important public health problem. Myopia a...
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Refractive error in children aged 5–15 years is an important public health problem. Myopia and hypermetropia are the leading causes of refractive errors in this age group. Both are visually impairing conditions that can be significantly improved through adequate refractive correction. Population-based studies show that nearly half of visual impairment due to correctable refractive error in children is not receiving adequate attention, especially in disadvantaged social and economic settings.
</p>
<h4>Methods :</h4>
<p>
This was an observational study. One hundred children from the village Darisharifpur, Upazila Bera, District Pabna were selected using a random sampling method. Data were collected from children aged between 9–15 years. Refractive error and related variables were recorded and analyzed.
</p>
<h4>Results :</h4>
<p>
A total of 100 children with visual problems or symptoms related to visual acuity were examined. The prevalence of refractive error in this study was 11%.
</p>
<p>
Myopia (72.72%) was the most common refractive error, followed by hypermetropia (25%) and astigmatism (27%).
</p>
<p>
The majority (63.63%) of refractive errors were within the range of -0.50D to -1.99D. Most visual acuity findings ranged between 6/9 and 6/18.
</p>
<h4>Conclusion :</h4>
<p>
Myopia and hypermetropia are the leading causes of refractive errors in children in this age group. These visually impairing conditions can be significantly improved through adequate refractive correction.
</p>problem. Myopia and hypermetropia are leading cause of refractive errors in children in this
age group. Both which are visually impairing conditions that can be significantly improved
through adequate refractive correction. Population based refractive error studies in children
have shows that nearly half of the visual impairment associated with correctable refractive
error in this age group in not receiving attention specially those children living in disadvantaged
social and economic condition
Methods: This is an observational study. One hundred children of a village Darisharifpur,
upazilla- Bera, district Pabna were studied
in Random sampling method. Data were collected from children aged between 9-15 years.
Refractive error with other related variables were enclosed with data and and that were
analyzed.
Results:100 children of village with visual problem or symptoms related to visual acuity
were examined and prevalence of refractive error in my study 11%. Myopia (72.72%) is more
common refractive error my study, myopia 46%, hypermetropia 25%, astigmatism 27%.
Majority (63.63%) of refractive error was found in between -0.50D to -1.99D in my study .
In my study majority of refractive errors are within 6/9 to 6/18.
Conclusions: Myopia and hypermetropia are leading cause of refractive errors in children in
this age group. Both which are visually impairing conditions that can be significantly improved
through adequate refractive correction.
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a key stabilizer of the knee, contributing to both r...
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a key stabilizer of the knee, contributing to both rotational and anteroposterior stability. ACL injury is a major knee joint pathology. Common clinical tests used for diagnosis include the anterior drawer test, Lachman’s test, and pivot shift test. This study evaluated the accuracy of Lelli’s test in detecting ACL tears and compared it with MRI findings.
</p>
<h4>Methods :</h4>
<p>
This study included 100 patients attending the outpatient department of Orthopedics, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Bogura, from February 2022 to February 2023. Patients aged 20–60 years presenting with knee symptoms such as pain, locking, or giving way were included. Detailed clinical examination for knee instability, including Lelli’s test, was performed using standard techniques and recorded. All patients underwent MRI of the knee, and results were compared to assess the reliability of Lelli’s test as a screening tool for ACL injury.
</p>
<h4>Results :</h4>
<p>
A total of 100 cases were included with a mean age of 35 ± 9 years. The majority were male (98%). Right knee involvement was most common (80%). Sports activities were the leading cause of injury (85%), and the most frequent symptom was giving way (82%).
</p>
<p>
Lelli’s test demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.18% (CI 70.93–94.57) and specificity of 93.33% (CI 79.85–97.17).
</p>
<h4>Conclusion :</h4>
<p>
Lelli’s test is a simple clinical tool with high sensitivity and specificity and can be effectively used as a screening method for ACL injury in both acute and chronic cases.
</p>
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Tonsillectomy is a relatively safe procedure when performed by experienced surgeons, but it...
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Tonsillectomy is a relatively safe procedure when performed by experienced surgeons, but it may be associated with certain complications. Taste distortion (dysgeusia) is a rare postoperative complication reported by some patients after surgery.
</p>
<h4>Methods :</h4>
<p>
This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing medical records from the Department of ENT, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka. A total of 607 patients were included, covering the period from 2012 to 2022. All methods of tonsillectomy were considered.
</p>
<h4>Results :</h4>
<p>
Taste distortion was observed in 1.15% of cases following cold steel tonsillectomy and 0.5% following diathermy coagulation tonsillectomy. No cases were reported in patients treated with laser or coblation techniques.
</p>
<h4>Conclusion :</h4>
<p>
No dissection beyond the lower pole of the tonsil is recommended to minimize the risk of taste distortion.
</p>
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates is one of the most common causes of neonatal...
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality. This study aimed to investigate socio-demographic, maternal, and neonatal factors associated with RDS in a tertiary care hospital setting.
</p>
<h4>Methods :</h4>
<p>
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Ad-din Women’s Medical College Hospital from 1st January to 31st December 2017. A total of 186 purposively selected neonates were included. Data were collected through document review and face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist.
</p>
<h4>Results :</h4>
<p>
Regarding maternal factors, 61.3% of mothers had at least four antenatal checkups and 87.1% had institutional delivery. Caesarean delivery was present in 52.7% of cases. Maternal comorbidities included hypertension (17.2%), diabetes mellitus (10.8%), oligohydramnios (14%), and PROM (37.1%).
</p>
<p>
RDS was more common in preterm neonates (<37 weeks, 85.5%) and low birth weight infants (<2500 g, 90.3%). Multiple pregnancy accounted for 28% of cases. Clinical features included grunting in 62.4% and chest retraction in 92.5% of neonates.
</p>
<h4>Conclusion :</h4>
<p>
Although many risk factors for RDS are not preventable, they are predictable with proper antenatal care. Early identification of high-risk pregnancies can help ensure timely diagnosis and management, thereby reducing neonatal mortality.
</p>
<h4>Objective :</h4>
<p>
In this study, 50 patients with neck swelling were evaluated to compare clinical diagnosis wi...
<h4>Objective :</h4>
<p>
In this study, 50 patients with neck swelling were evaluated to compare clinical diagnosis with histopathological reports for diagnostic reliability.
</p>
<h4>Methods :</h4>
<p>
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from July 2015 to June 2017. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), MRI, CT scan, and histopathological examination of postoperative specimens were performed. Data were analyzed using tables, graphs, and figures.
</p>
<h4>Results :</h4>
<p>
Among 50 cases, 19 were male and 31 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.63. The age range was 4–60 years, with the highest frequency in the 4th decade.
</p>
<p>
Most patients were from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Clinical, cytological, and histopathological diagnoses were available for all cases and were compared.
</p>
<p>
Histopathology revealed tubercular lymphadenopathy in 12 cases, metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma in 5 cases each, nodular goiter in 12 cases, thyroid carcinoma in 5 cases, and the remaining cases were benign, congenital, or nonspecific inflammatory conditions.
</p>
<p>
FNAC provided correct diagnosis in 45 cases. In 5 cases, 2 smears were unsatisfactory, and 3 cases were reported as follicular neoplasm without definitive diagnosis. These were later confirmed by histopathology as follicular adenoma (1 case) and follicular carcinoma (2 cases).
</p>
<p>
FNAC sensitivity was 91% for tuberculosis, 100% for metastatic carcinoma and salivary gland tumors, 92% for nodular goiter, and 60% for thyroid malignancy. However, accuracy for papillary thyroid carcinoma was 100%.
</p>
<h4>Conclusion :</h4>
<p>
FNAC significantly reduces the need for open biopsy. Despite limitations in differentiating follicular adenoma from carcinoma, it remains a reliable diagnostic tool when combined with clinical judgment.
</p>
<h4>Introduction :</h4>
<p>
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science with a broad and diverse scop...
<h4>Introduction :</h4>
<p>
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science with a broad and diverse scope, focused on developing smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. Applications of AI include visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. AI is an interdisciplinary field with growing importance across multiple sectors.
</p>
<p>
Modern healthcare systems generate vast amounts of data, making AI increasingly relevant in healthcare services. Various AI technologies are now being used by healthcare providers and payers. Major applications include patient engagement and adherence, diagnosis, treatment recommendations, drug discovery, and administrative management.
</p>
<p>
The term Artificial Intelligence was first introduced in 1956 by <span>John McCarthy</span> and colleagues during the Dartmouth Conference. Earlier foundational concepts included the Turing Test proposed by <span>Alan Turing</span> as a benchmark of machine intelligence, along with early AI programs such as the chess-playing system developed by <span>Dietrich Prinz</span>.
</p>
<p>
AI systems in healthcare generally begin with large volumes of data. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to extract useful information and generate actionable insights for solving healthcare challenges. These systems assist in tasks such as matching patient symptoms with appropriate physicians, disease diagnosis and prognosis, drug discovery, language translation, and interpretation of medical images and records.
</p>
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Refractive error in children aged 5–15 years is an important public health problem. Myopia a...
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Refractive error in children aged 5–15 years is an important public health problem. Myopia and hypermetropia are leading causes of refractive errors in this age group. These conditions cause visual impairment but can be significantly improved through appropriate refractive correction. Population-based studies show that nearly half of the correctable visual impairment in children remains unaddressed, particularly among those living in disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions.
</p>
<h4>Methods :</h4>
<p>
This observational study was conducted among 100 children from the village Darisharifpur, Upazila Bera, District Pabna, using random sampling. Children aged 9–15 years were included. Data on refractive errors and related variables were collected and analyzed.
</p>
<h4>Results :</h4>
<p>
A total of 100 children with visual problems or reduced visual acuity were examined. The prevalence of refractive error was 11%. Myopia was the most common refractive error (46%), followed by hypermetropia (25%) and astigmatism (27%). Among cases, 63.63% had refractive error ranging from −0.50D to −1.99D. Most visual acuity findings were within the range of 6/9 to 6/18.
</p>
<h4>Conclusion :</h4>
<p>
Myopia and hypermetropia are the leading causes of refractive errors in children aged 5–15 years. These conditions are visually impairing but can be effectively managed with proper refractive correction.
</p>
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) with meatal stenosis is a morbid condition. Treatment of...
<h4>Background :</h4>
<p>
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) with meatal stenosis is a morbid condition. Treatment of meatal stenosis due to BXO is challenging because of a high recurrence rate. Various surgical options are practiced for BXO with meatal stenosis. Proper treatment is necessary to provide relief from patient suffering.
</p>
<h4>Objectives :</h4>
<p>
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of combined dorsal and ventral buccal mucosal graft meatoplasty compared with dorsal meatoplasty in the treatment of Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans with meatal stenosis.
</p>
<h4>Methods :</h4>
<p>
This prospective quasi-experimental study was carried out in the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh from July 2013 to June 2015 over a period of 24 months. All patients presented with Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans with meatal stenosis were included and divided into two groups: group 1 (combined dorsal and ventral buccal mucosal graft meatoplasty) and group 2 (dorsal graft meatoplasty). Post-operative follow-up was done for six months.
</p>
<h4>Results :</h4>
<p>
Among 60 patients, 30 were in group 1 and 30 in group 2. In group 1, the mean ± SD operative time was 101.17 ± 16.27 minutes.
</p>
<p>
At six months follow-up, mean ± SD Qmax in group 1 was 19.37 ± 4.79 ml/sec and in group 2 was 16.16 ± 3.69 ml/sec (p < 0.05). Mean voiding time in group 1 was 29.33 ± 8.16 sec, and in group 2 it was 32.73 ± 13.83 sec (p > 0.05).
</p>
<p>
Success was achieved in 25 (83.3%) cases in group 1, compared to 19 (63.3%) cases in group 2.
</p>
<h4>Conclusion :</h4>
<p>
Combined dorsal and ventral buccal mucosal graft meatoplasty shows better outcomes than dorsal graft meatoplasty; however, long-term follow-up is required to confirm durability of results.
</p>
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